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A linear quadratic regulator control of a stand-alone PEM fuel cell power plant

Amar BENAISSA, Boualaga RABHI, Ammar MOUSSI, Dahmani AISSA

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 62-72 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0291-5

Abstract: The topology chosen for the simulation consists of a 45 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

Keywords： modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     controlling of PEMFC     linear quadratic regulator    

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Monte Carlo simulation of the PEMFC catalyst layer

WANG Hongxing, CAO Pengzhen, WANG Yuxin

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 146-150 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0027-3

Abstract: The performance of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is greatly controlled by the structureLow catalyst utilization is still a significant obstacle to the commercialization of the PEMFC.model on the effect of catalyst layer structure on the catalyst utilization and the performance of the PEMFC

Keywords： catalyst utilization     PEMFC     commercialization     Pt/C catalyst     conduction    

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Modeling nanostructured catalyst layer in PEMFC and catalyst utilization

Jiejing ZHANG, Pengzhen CAO, Li XU, Yuxin WANG

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 297-302 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1201-1

Abstract: A lattice model of the nanoscaled catalyst layer structure in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCThe model takes into account all the four components in a typical PEMFC catalyst layer: platinum (Pt)

Keywords： catalyst layer     PEM fuel cell     lattice model     Monte Carlo method     catalyst utilization    

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Structure controlling and process scale-up in the fabrication of nanomaterials

Chunzhong LI,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1,   Pages 18-25 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0305-3

Abstract: Nanotechnology is already having a significant commercial impact, and will very certainly have a much greater impact in the future. The research on process engineering and scale-up will be very important for the commercial production and application of nanomaterials, because the properties and structure of nanomaterials are not only determined by the nucleation and growth process, but also strongly affected by the engineering properties, such as the mixing, the heat and mass transfer, and also the distribution of temperature, concentration, etc. This paper will present some research work in our laboratory on the fabrication of nanomaterials. Based on the chemical engineering principle and methods, many kinds of novel nanomaterials can be synthesized and their structure can be easily controlled through adjusting the parameters of the fluid mixing, and the distribution of temperature, residence time and concentration, etc. By using the micro-mixing, heat and mass transfer and reaction control methods, the host-guest nanocomposites have been assembled and assumed as the novel electroanalytical sensing nanobiocomposite materials. Based on the principles of chemical engineering, the manufacturing technologies for magnetic powders, calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide have been developed for commercial-scale production, and the largest production scale has reached 15 kt/year.

Keywords： scale-up     significant commercial     electroanalytical     engineering     laboratory    

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Four kinds of capping materials for controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from contaminated sediment

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1463-x

Abstract:

• Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) can effectively absorb phosphorus (P).

Keywords： Sediment     Eutrophication     Thin-layer capping     Phosphorus     Nitrogen     Aluminum-based P-inactivation agent    

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Spray characteristics and controlling mechanism of fuel containing CO

Zhen HUANG, Jin XIAO, Xinqi QIAO, Gaozhi JIANG, Yiming SHAO, Seiichi SHIGA, Yasuhiro DAISHO

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1,   Pages 80-88 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0180-3

Abstract: This paper presents studies of spray characteristics and controlling mechanism of fuel containing CONew insight into the controlling mechanism of atomization of the fuel containing CO was provided.

Keywords： spray characteristics     fuel atomization     fuel containing CO2    

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Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 151-157 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0482-7

Abstract: The formation of cancinogenic nitrosamines, esp. -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water and wastewater treatment plants has drawn much attention in recent years. Dissolved organic matter from the transported Luan River water as water source of Tianjin was fractionated with different XAD resins and a series of ultra-filtration membranes with molecular weight (MW) cut-offs of 5k Da, 3k Da, and 1k Da, respectively. The NDMA yields from the raw water and each fraction were measured to investigate their role in NDMA yield. Results indicated that the hydrophilic fraction had a higher NDMA yield than those of hydrophobic fraction and transphilic fraction. The fraction with MW below 1k Da had a higher NDMA yield than that with larger MW. NDMA formation increased as the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) ratio decreased, which indicated that DON might serve as the real important precursor for NDMA. The correlation between NDMA yield and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA ) suggested that the latter might not represent the specific precursors for NDMA in the water. Besides the water quality, the influences of pH, disinfectant dosage, and disinfection contact time on the formation of NDMA were also examined. These results will help water treatment plants establish measures to control this harmful disinfection by-product.

Keywords： N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)     disinfection by-product     dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC)     hydrophilic     molecular weight (MW)     specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254)    

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Shape/size controlling syntheses, properties and applications of two-dimensional noble metal nanocrystals

Baozhen An,Mingjie Li,Jialin Wang,Chaoxu Li

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 360-382 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1576-0

Abstract: Two dimensional (2D) nanocrystals of noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt) often have unique structural and environmental properties which make them useful for applications in electronics, optics, sensors and biomedicines. In recent years, there has been a focus on discovering the fundamental mechanisms which govern the synthesis of the diverse geometries of these 2D metal nanocrystals (e.g., shapes, thickness, and lateral sizes). This has resulted in being able to better control the properties of these 2D structures for specific applications. In this review, a brief historical survey of the intrinsic anisotropic properties and quantum size effects of 2D noble metal nanocrystals is given and then a summary of synthetic approaches to control their shapes and sizes is presented. The unique properties and fascinating applications of these nanocrystals are also discussed.

Keywords： two-dimension     noble metal     nanocrystal     surface plasmon     controllable synthesis    

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Asymmetric deformation mechanism in deep soft rock tunnel and controlling countermeasures in Datun Mine

Fu Qingguo and Zou Chaoyang

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 11,   Pages 102-106

Abstract: This research provides a preliminary theoretical basis for the controlling countermeasures of asymmetric

Keywords： deep     soft rock tunnel     asymmetric deformation     controlling countermeasures    

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Digitalization optical open loop test system for fiber optic gyroscope

ZHANG Deng-wei, SHU Xiao-wu, MU Xu-dong, LIU Cheng

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2006, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 434-438 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0053-8

Abstract: With a digital sampling and processing system designed with VC++ in Windows platform, the real-time controlling

Keywords： stability     real-time controlling     standardization     controlling procedure     complete digitalization    

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The Research of All-set Method in Market Intelligent Economy Controlling

Bao Jifeng,Liu Yang,He Zhongxiong

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 84-89

Abstract: the utilization of the all-set method and ME altering in the problem of market intelligent economy controllingThe authors alter the primary ME of economical body by means of all-set, jieke theory, vague controllingThe authors combine these subjects and propose the all-set market intelligent economy controlling theory

Keywords： market economy     big system and all-set     the research of controlling method     practical examples    

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Recent Advances in Electrode Design Based on One-Dimensional Nanostructure Arrays for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications Review

Shangfeng Du

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 33-49 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.014

Abstract:

One-dimensional (1D) Pt-based electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activities and stability toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Advances in three-dimensional (3D) ordered electrodes based on 1D Pt-based nanostructure arrays have revealed great potential for developing highperformance proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), in particular for addressing the mass transfer and durability challenges of Pt/C nanoparticle electrodes. This paper reviews recent progress in the field, with a focus on the 3D ordered electrodes based on self-standing Pt nanowire arrays. Nanostructured thin-film (NSTF) catalysts are discussed along with electrodes made from Pt-based nanoparticles deposited on arrays of polymer nanowires, and carbon and TiO2 nanotubes. Achievements on electrodes from Pt-based nanotube arrays are also reviewed. The importance of size, surface properties, and the distribution control of 1D catalyst nanostructures is indicated. Finally, challenges and future development opportunities are addressed regarding increasing electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and quantifying oxygen mass transport resistance for 1D nanostructure array electrodes.

Keywords： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     Electrode     One-dimensional (1D)     Oxygen reduction reaction    

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Bistable electrowetting device with non-planar designed controlling electrodes for display applications Regular Papers-Research Articles

Han ZHANG, Xue-lei LIANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 9,   Pages 1289-1295 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800167

Abstract: In this paper, a bistable electrowetting device with non-planar designed controlling electrodes is fabricated

Keywords： Bistable electrowetting     Non-planar     Controlling electrodes     Low voltage     High contrast    

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On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing

LI Jun, NI Yongjiong, WEI Su, CHENG Guobiao, OU Changjin, PENG Yongzhen, GU Guowei, LU Jingen

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 99-102 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0017-9

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorusThe controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal.

Keywords： DO     relevant     biological process     nitrogen     pH    

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TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 5,   Pages 852-861 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0811-7

Abstract: Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions. In this case, carbon corrosion occurs. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage. The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell. Herein, Ti4O7 supported IrOx is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode. When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min, the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrOx/Ti4O7 has almost no attenuation. Besides, the MEA has a longer reversal time (530 min) than IrOx (75 min), showing an excellent reversal tolerance. The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrOx particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti4O7 and IrOx/Ti4O7 particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer. After the stability test, the Ti4O7 support has little decay, demonstrating a high electrochemical stability. IrOx/Ti4O7 with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.

Keywords： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     fuel starvation     cell reverse     reversal tolerance anode    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A linear quadratic regulator control of a stand-alone PEM fuel cell power plant

Amar BENAISSA, Boualaga RABHI, Ammar MOUSSI, Dahmani AISSA

Journal Article

Monte Carlo simulation of the PEMFC catalyst layer

WANG Hongxing, CAO Pengzhen, WANG Yuxin

Journal Article

Modeling nanostructured catalyst layer in PEMFC and catalyst utilization

Jiejing ZHANG, Pengzhen CAO, Li XU, Yuxin WANG

Journal Article

Structure controlling and process scale-up in the fabrication of nanomaterials

Chunzhong LI,

Journal Article

Four kinds of capping materials for controlling phosphorus and nitrogen release from contaminated sediment

Journal Article

Spray characteristics and controlling mechanism of fuel containing CO

Zhen HUANG, Jin XIAO, Xinqi QIAO, Gaozhi JIANG, Yiming SHAO, Seiichi SHIGA, Yasuhiro DAISHO

Journal Article

Factors controlling

Chengkun WANG, Xiaojian ZHANG, Chao CHEN, Jun WANG

Journal Article

Shape/size controlling syntheses, properties and applications of two-dimensional noble metal nanocrystals

Baozhen An,Mingjie Li,Jialin Wang,Chaoxu Li

Journal Article

Asymmetric deformation mechanism in deep soft rock tunnel and controlling countermeasures in Datun Mine

Fu Qingguo and Zou Chaoyang

Journal Article

Digitalization optical open loop test system for fiber optic gyroscope

ZHANG Deng-wei, SHU Xiao-wu, MU Xu-dong, LIU Cheng

Journal Article

The Research of All-set Method in Market Intelligent Economy Controlling

Bao Jifeng,Liu Yang,He Zhongxiong

Journal Article

Recent Advances in Electrode Design Based on One-Dimensional Nanostructure Arrays for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Shangfeng Du

Journal Article

Bistable electrowetting device with non-planar designed controlling electrodes for display applications

Han ZHANG, Xue-lei LIANG

Journal Article

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing

LI Jun, NI Yongjiong, WEI Su, CHENG Guobiao, OU Changjin, PENG Yongzhen, GU Guowei, LU Jingen

Journal Article

TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Journal Article